托福机经预测
2015年10月25日托福真题回顾
阅读
第一篇
关于树的年轮的，第一段讲了科学家利用取出来一部分的树干来检测树的年轮的情况，指出树的年轮的形成和树的生长环境有关系。通过研究生活在同一时间的一大片同种的树，科学家可以去推算树的年龄，并做时间的研究，有的时候这种研究比较困难，因为树的年轮有时候会不清楚，或者干脆消失。第二段讲了有两种长久时间记录的树，菠萝树和桉树.这些树能用于做时间研究因为它们存活的时间变化小。第三段讲树的年轮。还可以推测气候的变化，特别是一些吋间短，但是影响大的气候，举了个例子，科学家们通过一些方法减少了误差。
第二篇
探究地球内部。人类对于地球表层的东西知道的很多了，但是对于地球内部的事情知之甚少，获得信息的几个途径就是在地面釆样，釆样底下来的岩石。后来人类发现了一种方法能测量地球内部heat-flux法，后面具体叙述了这个方法，原理是拿了个热汤作对比，热的东西和冷的东西会形成对流，有热量辐射。
第三篇
海洋生命的分布。生命起源于海洋，伹是海洋内的生物多样性比陆地低。下面开始介绍海洋生物，海洋的中上下层都有比较多的生物，中层比较少，原因是中层的海洋有很少的barrier,生物不用去向各个方向逬化以适应功能。科学家后来才发现，底层生物的多样性原来也是很大的，有很多藏在泥里的小生物他们没有研究。
这次考试的托福阅读词汇题：
extract=remove
typical of=in common
pioneering=original
investigate=examine
ingenuity=cleverness
doubtless=certainty
restrict=limit
monotonous=unchanging
写作
综合写作： Eocene Epoch气候变暖的假设理论
阅读：
1. 洋流方向发生改变引起的；
2. 彗星撞击地球释放了大量的磁粒子；
3. 海洋中大量甲烷泄露引起的。
听力反驳：
1. 洋流方向改变带来的热量太小，不可能引起大范围的气候变暖；
2. 这些磁粒子是由单细胞细菌释放的；
3. 沼气发挥作用需要几千年的时间，但是根据调查，气候变暖和沼气释放是同时发生的。
独立写作：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the past, people are more friendly than they are now.
是否新题：否
题材：社会类
独立写作思路：
观点：反对
（1）随着经济的发展，现在人们更有能力帮助他人；
（2）社会观念的变化也让人更友善了。
范文：
The discussion about whether there is a strong correlation between the development of society and the level of beneficence has lasted for years. Although there were many heartwarming legends about how the ordinary people supported each other in the most difficult times, it is my opinion that people are friendlier to strangers than at any other time in history. Not only do the economic condition results in wide spread of charitable actions, the change of public opinion has also contributed to the positive attitude.
First of all, the lasting trend of economic prosperity has enabled people to help others at leisure. Since Second World War, the growth of world economy has remained fairly steady for the past seven decades except a few temporary financial crises which were recovered quickly. Unsurprisingly, the number of people who can make a regular and reliable income, which can be used for benevolent purposes, has never been greater. When they extend support to those who are in need, most people do not worry that the cost of giving food, clothes or even money will cause financial deterioration on their own at least not seriously. Therefore, the improved economic condition encourages more and more people to help those who are less fortunate or struggling with poverty.
What is more, the general public has been increasingly receptive to the idea of maintaining long-term friendship. In the era of globalization, the majority of people realize that the frequency of interacting with others, e.g., doing businesses, around the world is very high. You can expect the other party treating you favorably in future if you are being nice and kind to him or her in the first place. Indeed, the idea that collaboration can bring mutual benefit and create a win-win situation has taken root in the past decade. Take my own experience as an example. I spend a lot of time travelling between China and Untied States back and forth for business purposes. It is important for me to maintain good contact with my friends in states since I know as certainty that I will need their help at some point.
In conclusion, I believe the general public has become more friendly in the present for the reasons discussed above.
口语
1. A lot of experienced and inexperienced climb mountains every year, which one of the following adjectives would you use to describe this experience? Adventurous, frightening or foolish? 思路：可根据个人喜好回答，如：I think it is excited especially when you do it with your friends. Climbing a mountain together will not only make your relationship closer but also improve your healthy condition.
同时需要给出理由支持观点，比如和朋友爬山不仅会使关系更亲密，同时还会强身健体等等。
范文：I would say mountain climbing can be a very adventurous experience to everyone, including experienced and inexperienced climbers. I’ve got two reasons. First of all, it’s an opportunity to get ourselves out of our repetitive life. Take my cousin as an example, from Monday to Friday, he’s an ordinary bank teller doing everyday work just like every other guy in this city, but every weekend, he gets together with a bunch of friends and they go hiking in the mountains in the suburb of Beijing. It’s a chance to get away from the city, and add a little spice to his ordinary life. Plus, it’s a way to challenge ourselves and it brings out the best in us. I’m not a big fan of climbing mountains, but I did rock-climbing once and it was fascinating, at first I was really nervous and I thought there was no way I could make it to the top, but then I started climbing and I did it one step at a time but I eventually made it. So I guess it’s similar when we climb a mountain, the sense of achievement we get from the experience is irreplaceable.
2. Some people believe technology has brought people closer and others believe that technology actually isolate people, which one do you agree with? Explain why.
思路：问是否同意这样的观点：和过去相比，科技疏远了人们的生活。
可回答同意或者不同意，并给出适当理由。
范文：I think modern technology has brought people closer than ever for the following reasons. Firstly, it completely changed the way people communicate. Take my family as an example, 20 years ago my aunt went to Japan to further her education and even though making phone calls was also an option, the only way she could communicate with her family was to write letters because the phone bills were way too expensive, and it would take 2 weeks for the letters to travel all the way to Beijing. It was slow and torturing. Now people no longer have to suffer from long distance, all we have to do is dial a number on our cellphones and in a few seconds we can hear the voice we want to hear. Plus, modern technology has made the earth a much smaller place than before. A few decades ago it was almost impossible to communicate with people from other countries, it used to take months for someone to travel to the US by sea. Now the internet connects almost everyone from every corner in the world and people can share all sorts of information on this platform.
3. 学校要求quiet time after 10pm, 女生同意。
学校要求晚上十点之后就保持安静，女生同意。
模板：In the reading material, there is a proposal that…
Moreover, the woman agrees with such a proposal for two reasons. One is that … , and the other is that …
范文：I think modern technology has brought people closer than ever for the following reasons. Firstly, it completely changed the way people communicate. Take my family as an example, 20 years ago my aunt went to Japan to further her education and even though making phone calls was also an option, the only way she could communicate with her family was to write letters because the phone bills were way too expensive, and it would take 2 weeks for the letters to travel all the way to Beijing. It was slow and torturing. Now people no longer have to suffer from long distance, all we have to do is dial a number on our cellphones and in a few seconds we can hear the voice we want to hear. Plus, modern technology has made the earth a much smaller place than before. A few decades ago it was almost impossible to communicate with people from other countries, it used to take months for someone to travel to the US by sea. Now the internet connects almost everyone from every corner in the world and people can share all sorts of information on this platform.
4. Outcome dependent.
lecture讲对一个人的第一印象受这个人能否help with a particular goal 影响。
举例销售部分组实验看video, 对照组觉得video里的人is a good salesman with qualification. 实验组被告知这个人将与他们共事能帮助他们得到年终奖，所以对他的第一印象觉得他likeable and excellent.
模版：The reading passage gives a term named…, which means…
The professor in the listening material gives an expriment to demonstrate it in detail…. Thus, the conclusion is drawn that…
范文：I think modern technology has brought people closer than ever for the following reasons. Firstly, it completely changed the way people communicate. Take my family as an example, 20 years ago my aunt went to Japan to further her education and even though making phone calls was also an option, the only way she could communicate with her family was to write letters because the phone bills were way too expensive, and it would take 2 weeks for the letters to travel all the way to Beijing. It was slow and torturing. Now people no longer have to suffer from long distance, all we have to do is dial a number on our cellphones and in a few seconds we can hear the voice we want to hear. Plus, modern technology has made the earth a much smaller place than before. A few decades ago it was almost impossible to communicate with people from other countries, it used to take months for someone to travel to the US by sea. Now the internet connects almost everyone from every corner in the world and people can share all sorts of information on this platform.
5. Problem: 女生要去做presentation, 外面下雨。
女生面临的困难局面：要去做presentation，但是外面下雨了。
模板：The problem faced by the girlis that…. There are two options. One is to …; while the other is that…. As for me, I prefer the first one/second onebecause…
范文：The woman’s problem is that she needs to do a presentation for her class in 10 minutes on the other side of campus but it’s pouring outside. There are two possible solutions for her. The first one is to borrow an umbrella from the man. And the second solution is to just go outside like this. If I were in the woman’s shoes, I’d go for the second solution because this way she will arrive to the class on time, since it’s her presentation, punctuality is extremely important. I personally don’t recommend the other solution because the man has to go upstairs to get his umbrella, it will take too much time and the woman may appear to be rude if she was late for the presentation. That’s why in this case, I think the second solution is a smarter option.
6. 一种猴子叫别人照顾baby的两个好处。
① 有足够的时间去寻找食物。 Have enough time to find food.
② 培养年轻母猴子的妈妈技能. Be trained of some important skills to take care of her own offspring when she becomes a mother.
模版：The lecture is about two benefits that leting others look after monkey babies.
One is …; and he offers an example in detail. The example goes like….The other one is …. And the example is…
范文： The woman’s problem is that she needs to do a presentation for her class in 10 minutes on the other side of campus but it’s pouring outside. There are two possible solutions for her. The first one is to borrow an umbrella from the man. And the second solution is to just go outside like this. If I were in the woman’s shoes, I’d go for the second solution because this way she will arrive to the class on time, since it’s her presentation, punctuality is extremely important. I personally don’t recommend the other solution because the man has to go upstairs to get his umbrella, it will take too much time and the woman may appear to be rude if she was late for the presentation. That’s why in this case, I think the second solution is a smarter option.
听力
C1.
—个学生问去费城conference travel的费用报销怎么cover,老师说只能付average cost,其他部分自己付，女生提到了自己的到费城旅行，其实花费很少，然后老师说可以去网上查一下具体的信息，让她填一个表格，有个数字什么的，学生说是因为两周前有人不去教 授才去问她，所以她是替补进来的，晚上没办法注册， 所以不清楚，老师说让她去问之前的学生。
L1.
教授说大多数人觉得细菌都是坏的，但是其实细菌是分好坏的，细菌占人体卯％,人体细胞占10%,所以細菌占了9/10,教揆觉得很不可思议。（此处问教授的观点和看法）之后谈到了细菌的好处，比如，第一点是帮助人类的消化系统，因为好的细菌可以产生帮助人体消化的酶，这些有益消化的物质人体自身有时候不能产出。好的细菌还可以保护皮肤，但是当人们用肥皂洗手的吋候，不单会洗掉坏的细菌，好的细菌也会被冲洗掉。(有题）。还有一个叫做antibiotic的会破坏好细菌， 之后提到了probiotic,说到了酸奶，酸奶的作用跟第 一点消化的作用一样，但是酸奶也有不好的地方，比如 酸奶中好的细菌可能己经在制作的过程中被杀死从而并不alive。后来提出未来要做更多的research丰富这个 理论。
L2.
教授提到人类从boom开始就有social evaluation的能力，说6个月大的婴儿就有这个能力。男生说怎么可能，6个月大甚至没有说话的能力。教授说科学家做了 两个实验，一个圆形，一个方形，一个三角形的积木，然后在枳木上画眼睛。让圆形枳木爬坡，方形积木帮助 圆形枳木爬坡，三角形枳木阻挡他们爬坡，然后让婴儿 做出选择，他们更喜欢哪个枳木，结果他们都不选择三角形的枳木。这个实验证明婴儿真的有social evaluation的能力。女生说这个实验有缺陷，万一婴儿 只是因为喜欢枳木的形状呢，万一婴儿只是喜欢积木运 动的方向呢，所以教授说科学家做了第二个实验，（有题），这次不在积木上画眼睛之类的，所以这次婴儿就不会把枳木当做living的东西，这次婴儿就没有做出与第一个实验一样的选择，所以得出结论，婴儿不仅有social evaluation的能力还有一个判断什么的能力。
C2.
男生关于作业想找老师求助，他想设计一款可以教小朋友音乐的游戏，他的父母是音乐老师，告诉他一种（专 有名词）由基础到深入激发小朋友创作的天赋，他想和电脑课上学的知识combine,并且同吋当做音乐和计算的作业，但是比较困难，核心是要一直鼓励孩子，还说要好好准备投入市场。
L3.
音乐历史学，一个叫斯特拉文斯基的人创作的Rite of Spring,是对古典芭蕾的创新，被当做现代芭蕾的开山之作，但是在该剧在法国巴黎剧院首洧时，引起了 一场大骚动，遭到了议论声和很大的抗议，因为其独特混乱的创作舞蹈与当时主流芭蕾的矛盾巨大，作者苋得 相当失落，但是在一战以后，1930年Rite of Spring又 重新涌出了，并且这次获得了客观公正的评价。
L4.
Jupiter的一个卫星lo上面有很多的火山，和moon不一样，是因为Jupiter有两个卫星，这两个卫星影像了lo的轨道，重力的影响也让lo的石头产生了摩擦，从而生成了热，导致了火山的形成，科学家用月亮对tidal的影响解释了重力，对比地球，地球靠近moon的地方潮汐就很大，但是那个上面没有海，所以是rock的变化。现在这两个卫星远离了lo,科学家说 这种影响可能就会减少。
托福重要资料推荐：
1.老西口小范围预测集合
2.2014-2016年托福真题回忆集合
3.无老师词汇大全
4.2013至2016年真题发布汇总
5.【豆腐机经】大范围+小范围+答案
6.【大范围】康老师听说读写课堂讲义
7.【小范围】康老师机经包（考前5-10天）
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第一篇
关于树的年轮的，第一段讲了科学家利用取出来一部分的树干来检测树的年轮的情况，指出树的年轮的形成和树的生长环境有关系。通过研究生活在同一时间的一大片同种的树，科学家可以去推算树的年龄，并做时间的研究，有的时候这种研究比较困难，因为树的年轮有时候会不清楚，或者干脆消失。第二段讲了有两种长久时间记录的树，菠萝树和桉树.这些树能用于做时间研究因为它们存活的时间变化小。第三段讲树的年轮。还可以推测气候的变化，特别是一些吋间短，但是影响大的气候，举了个例子，科学家们通过一些方法减少了误差。
第二篇
探究地球内部。人类对于地球表层的东西知道的很多了，但是对于地球内部的事情知之甚少，获得信息的几个途径就是在地面釆样，釆样底下来的岩石。后来人类发现了一种方法能测量地球内部heat-flux法，后面具体叙述了这个方法，原理是拿了个热汤作对比，热的东西和冷的东西会形成对流，有热量辐射。
第三篇
海洋生命的分布。生命起源于海洋，伹是海洋内的生物多样性比陆地低。下面开始介绍海洋生物，海洋的中上下层都有比较多的生物，中层比较少，原因是中层的海洋有很少的barrier,生物不用去向各个方向逬化以适应功能。科学家后来才发现，底层生物的多样性原来也是很大的，有很多藏在泥里的小生物他们没有研究。
这次考试的托福阅读词汇题：
extract=remove
typical of=in common
pioneering=original
investigate=examine
ingenuity=cleverness
doubtless=certainty
restrict=limit
monotonous=unchanging
写作
综合写作： Eocene Epoch气候变暖的假设理论
阅读：
1. 洋流方向发生改变引起的；
2. 彗星撞击地球释放了大量的磁粒子；
3. 海洋中大量甲烷泄露引起的。
听力反驳：
1. 洋流方向改变带来的热量太小，不可能引起大范围的气候变暖；
2. 这些磁粒子是由单细胞细菌释放的；
3. 沼气发挥作用需要几千年的时间，但是根据调查，气候变暖和沼气释放是同时发生的。
独立写作：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the past, people are more friendly than they are now.
是否新题：否
题材：社会类
独立写作思路：
观点：反对
（1）随着经济的发展，现在人们更有能力帮助他人；
（2）社会观念的变化也让人更友善了。
范文：
The discussion about whether there is a strong correlation between the development of society and the level of beneficence has lasted for years. Although there were many heartwarming legends about how the ordinary people supported each other in the most difficult times, it is my opinion that people are friendlier to strangers than at any other time in history. Not only do the economic condition results in wide spread of charitable actions, the change of public opinion has also contributed to the positive attitude.
First of all, the lasting trend of economic prosperity has enabled people to help others at leisure. Since Second World War, the growth of world economy has remained fairly steady for the past seven decades except a few temporary financial crises which were recovered quickly. Unsurprisingly, the number of people who can make a regular and reliable income, which can be used for benevolent purposes, has never been greater. When they extend support to those who are in need, most people do not worry that the cost of giving food, clothes or even money will cause financial deterioration on their own at least not seriously. Therefore, the improved economic condition encourages more and more people to help those who are less fortunate or struggling with poverty.
What is more, the general public has been increasingly receptive to the idea of maintaining long-term friendship. In the era of globalization, the majority of people realize that the frequency of interacting with others, e.g., doing businesses, around the world is very high. You can expect the other party treating you favorably in future if you are being nice and kind to him or her in the first place. Indeed, the idea that collaboration can bring mutual benefit and create a win-win situation has taken root in the past decade. Take my own experience as an example. I spend a lot of time travelling between China and Untied States back and forth for business purposes. It is important for me to maintain good contact with my friends in states since I know as certainty that I will need their help at some point.
In conclusion, I believe the general public has become more friendly in the present for the reasons discussed above.
口语
1. A lot of experienced and inexperienced climb mountains every year, which one of the following adjectives would you use to describe this experience? Adventurous, frightening or foolish? 思路：可根据个人喜好回答，如：I think it is excited especially when you do it with your friends. Climbing a mountain together will not only make your relationship closer but also improve your healthy condition.
同时需要给出理由支持观点，比如和朋友爬山不仅会使关系更亲密，同时还会强身健体等等。
范文：I would say mountain climbing can be a very adventurous experience to everyone, including experienced and inexperienced climbers. I’ve got two reasons. First of all, it’s an opportunity to get ourselves out of our repetitive life. Take my cousin as an example, from Monday to Friday, he’s an ordinary bank teller doing everyday work just like every other guy in this city, but every weekend, he gets together with a bunch of friends and they go hiking in the mountains in the suburb of Beijing. It’s a chance to get away from the city, and add a little spice to his ordinary life. Plus, it’s a way to challenge ourselves and it brings out the best in us. I’m not a big fan of climbing mountains, but I did rock-climbing once and it was fascinating, at first I was really nervous and I thought there was no way I could make it to the top, but then I started climbing and I did it one step at a time but I eventually made it. So I guess it’s similar when we climb a mountain, the sense of achievement we get from the experience is irreplaceable.
2. Some people believe technology has brought people closer and others believe that technology actually isolate people, which one do you agree with? Explain why.
思路：问是否同意这样的观点：和过去相比，科技疏远了人们的生活。
可回答同意或者不同意，并给出适当理由。
范文：I think modern technology has brought people closer than ever for the following reasons. Firstly, it completely changed the way people communicate. Take my family as an example, 20 years ago my aunt went to Japan to further her education and even though making phone calls was also an option, the only way she could communicate with her family was to write letters because the phone bills were way too expensive, and it would take 2 weeks for the letters to travel all the way to Beijing. It was slow and torturing. Now people no longer have to suffer from long distance, all we have to do is dial a number on our cellphones and in a few seconds we can hear the voice we want to hear. Plus, modern technology has made the earth a much smaller place than before. A few decades ago it was almost impossible to communicate with people from other countries, it used to take months for someone to travel to the US by sea. Now the internet connects almost everyone from every corner in the world and people can share all sorts of information on this platform.
3. 学校要求quiet time after 10pm, 女生同意。
学校要求晚上十点之后就保持安静，女生同意。
模板：In the reading material, there is a proposal that…
Moreover, the woman agrees with such a proposal for two reasons. One is that … , and the other is that …
范文：I think modern technology has brought people closer than ever for the following reasons. Firstly, it completely changed the way people communicate. Take my family as an example, 20 years ago my aunt went to Japan to further her education and even though making phone calls was also an option, the only way she could communicate with her family was to write letters because the phone bills were way too expensive, and it would take 2 weeks for the letters to travel all the way to Beijing. It was slow and torturing. Now people no longer have to suffer from long distance, all we have to do is dial a number on our cellphones and in a few seconds we can hear the voice we want to hear. Plus, modern technology has made the earth a much smaller place than before. A few decades ago it was almost impossible to communicate with people from other countries, it used to take months for someone to travel to the US by sea. Now the internet connects almost everyone from every corner in the world and people can share all sorts of information on this platform.
4. Outcome dependent.
lecture讲对一个人的第一印象受这个人能否help with a particular goal 影响。
举例销售部分组实验看video, 对照组觉得video里的人is a good salesman with qualification. 实验组被告知这个人将与他们共事能帮助他们得到年终奖，所以对他的第一印象觉得他likeable and excellent.
模版：The reading passage gives a term named…, which means…
The professor in the listening material gives an expriment to demonstrate it in detail…. Thus, the conclusion is drawn that…
范文：I think modern technology has brought people closer than ever for the following reasons. Firstly, it completely changed the way people communicate. Take my family as an example, 20 years ago my aunt went to Japan to further her education and even though making phone calls was also an option, the only way she could communicate with her family was to write letters because the phone bills were way too expensive, and it would take 2 weeks for the letters to travel all the way to Beijing. It was slow and torturing. Now people no longer have to suffer from long distance, all we have to do is dial a number on our cellphones and in a few seconds we can hear the voice we want to hear. Plus, modern technology has made the earth a much smaller place than before. A few decades ago it was almost impossible to communicate with people from other countries, it used to take months for someone to travel to the US by sea. Now the internet connects almost everyone from every corner in the world and people can share all sorts of information on this platform.
5. Problem: 女生要去做presentation, 外面下雨。
女生面临的困难局面：要去做presentation，但是外面下雨了。
模板：The problem faced by the girlis that…. There are two options. One is to …; while the other is that…. As for me, I prefer the first one/second onebecause…
范文：The woman’s problem is that she needs to do a presentation for her class in 10 minutes on the other side of campus but it’s pouring outside. There are two possible solutions for her. The first one is to borrow an umbrella from the man. And the second solution is to just go outside like this. If I were in the woman’s shoes, I’d go for the second solution because this way she will arrive to the class on time, since it’s her presentation, punctuality is extremely important. I personally don’t recommend the other solution because the man has to go upstairs to get his umbrella, it will take too much time and the woman may appear to be rude if she was late for the presentation. That’s why in this case, I think the second solution is a smarter option.
6. 一种猴子叫别人照顾baby的两个好处。
① 有足够的时间去寻找食物。 Have enough time to find food.
② 培养年轻母猴子的妈妈技能. Be trained of some important skills to take care of her own offspring when she becomes a mother.
模版：The lecture is about two benefits that leting others look after monkey babies.
One is …; and he offers an example in detail. The example goes like….The other one is …. And the example is…
范文： The woman’s problem is that she needs to do a presentation for her class in 10 minutes on the other side of campus but it’s pouring outside. There are two possible solutions for her. The first one is to borrow an umbrella from the man. And the second solution is to just go outside like this. If I were in the woman’s shoes, I’d go for the second solution because this way she will arrive to the class on time, since it’s her presentation, punctuality is extremely important. I personally don’t recommend the other solution because the man has to go upstairs to get his umbrella, it will take too much time and the woman may appear to be rude if she was late for the presentation. That’s why in this case, I think the second solution is a smarter option.
听力
C1.
—个学生问去费城conference travel的费用报销怎么cover,老师说只能付average cost,其他部分自己付，女生提到了自己的到费城旅行，其实花费很少，然后老师说可以去网上查一下具体的信息，让她填一个表格，有个数字什么的，学生说是因为两周前有人不去教 授才去问她，所以她是替补进来的，晚上没办法注册， 所以不清楚，老师说让她去问之前的学生。
L1.
教授说大多数人觉得细菌都是坏的，但是其实细菌是分好坏的，细菌占人体卯％,人体细胞占10%,所以細菌占了9/10,教揆觉得很不可思议。（此处问教授的观点和看法）之后谈到了细菌的好处，比如，第一点是帮助人类的消化系统，因为好的细菌可以产生帮助人体消化的酶，这些有益消化的物质人体自身有时候不能产出。好的细菌还可以保护皮肤，但是当人们用肥皂洗手的吋候，不单会洗掉坏的细菌，好的细菌也会被冲洗掉。(有题）。还有一个叫做antibiotic的会破坏好细菌， 之后提到了probiotic,说到了酸奶，酸奶的作用跟第 一点消化的作用一样，但是酸奶也有不好的地方，比如 酸奶中好的细菌可能己经在制作的过程中被杀死从而并不alive。后来提出未来要做更多的research丰富这个 理论。
L2.
教授提到人类从boom开始就有social evaluation的能力，说6个月大的婴儿就有这个能力。男生说怎么可能，6个月大甚至没有说话的能力。教授说科学家做了 两个实验，一个圆形，一个方形，一个三角形的积木，然后在枳木上画眼睛。让圆形枳木爬坡，方形积木帮助 圆形枳木爬坡，三角形枳木阻挡他们爬坡，然后让婴儿 做出选择，他们更喜欢哪个枳木，结果他们都不选择三角形的枳木。这个实验证明婴儿真的有social evaluation的能力。女生说这个实验有缺陷，万一婴儿 只是因为喜欢枳木的形状呢，万一婴儿只是喜欢积木运 动的方向呢，所以教授说科学家做了第二个实验，（有题），这次不在积木上画眼睛之类的，所以这次婴儿就不会把枳木当做living的东西，这次婴儿就没有做出与第一个实验一样的选择，所以得出结论，婴儿不仅有social evaluation的能力还有一个判断什么的能力。
C2.
男生关于作业想找老师求助，他想设计一款可以教小朋友音乐的游戏，他的父母是音乐老师，告诉他一种（专 有名词）由基础到深入激发小朋友创作的天赋，他想和电脑课上学的知识combine,并且同吋当做音乐和计算的作业，但是比较困难，核心是要一直鼓励孩子，还说要好好准备投入市场。
L3.
音乐历史学，一个叫斯特拉文斯基的人创作的Rite of Spring,是对古典芭蕾的创新，被当做现代芭蕾的开山之作，但是在该剧在法国巴黎剧院首洧时，引起了 一场大骚动，遭到了议论声和很大的抗议，因为其独特混乱的创作舞蹈与当时主流芭蕾的矛盾巨大，作者苋得 相当失落，但是在一战以后，1930年Rite of Spring又 重新涌出了，并且这次获得了客观公正的评价。
L4.
Jupiter的一个卫星lo上面有很多的火山，和moon不一样，是因为Jupiter有两个卫星，这两个卫星影像了lo的轨道，重力的影响也让lo的石头产生了摩擦，从而生成了热，导致了火山的形成，科学家用月亮对tidal的影响解释了重力，对比地球，地球靠近moon的地方潮汐就很大，但是那个上面没有海，所以是rock的变化。现在这两个卫星远离了lo,科学家说 这种影响可能就会减少。
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