托福机经预测
2015年9月19日托福真题回顾
口语
Task1
Describe an occasion in your country where people give gifts to each other and the kind of gift that’s common.
分析：
可根据个人经验或熟知的情景进行描述，如：I would like to talk about we send gifts to
each other after the graduation ceremony. It has a sentimental value.随后可以描述大家互送礼物的寓意或者情感价值。
范文1：
Every year during my friends’ birthdays, it is time to show how much I care about our friendship and I ought to send them gifts. For my choice of gifts, I would put aside my personal preference and choose the gifts that they like. For me, an important part of my social life is to remember the particular preferences of my friends, and when the right gifts make them delighted, it gives me a great sense of satisfaction. Such gifts undoubtedly go a long way in their lives, and my friends would love to use them for their practical functions. Picking gifts in this way shows my respect for my friends’ needs and likings and strengthens our friendships. However, picking gifts according to my interest might not offer such benefits.
范文2：
An occasion people exchange gifts in my country is Christmas. Firstly, it's a great opportunity to show that you really care about someone. For instance when I was 6, my family was going through a hard time because my dad just lost his job, but he and my mom still managed to cut back on their own life and saved enough money to buy me the bike I'd always wanted, and that really meant a lot to me and I felt their love for me and their willingness to do anything for me. Also, Christmas is a time when we think about giving instead of taking, exchanging gifts is more of a symbolic gesture to remind us of the meaning of Christmas.
Task2
Some people think bicycles will no longer be used in the future because they’ll be replaced by something modern. Other people think bicycles will always be popular. Which do you agree with?
分析：
问是否同意这样的观点：自行车在未来能否被取代？可回答同意或者不同意，并给出适当理由。如：As far as I am concerned, bicycle would not be replaced in the future. Compared with cars and vehicles, bicycle is more eco-friendly than car, it has nothing to do with air pollution at all. 随后可以提出举例说明现存的情况，比如更健康，更节约能源等。
范文1：
I don't think bicycle is to be replaced no matter how developed the society is. There are some reasons for my claim. First of all, bicycle is
seldom affected by traffic jam. When cars and public transportation are blocked on their way, bicycle, with its flexibility, is able to shuttle among heavy traffic, finding its way across lanes and paths. Moreover, riding bicycle is considered to be the most efficient way to keep fit, both in time and money. Those who frequently visit gym must be familiar with one item, effective to lose weight, spinning, a combination of exercise and bicycle. In consideration of time and money spent on gym, why don't we directly go to work or school by bike?
范文2：
I think bikes will never be replaced for two reasons. First of all, bikes are one of the most eco-friendly ways of transportation so far. Compared with trains, buses and automobiles, bikes don't bring any environmental problems to the society, if more people used bikes, there would be less tail-gas emission and our planet would be a more livable place, so in the long run, more and more people would probably choose to use bikes. Also, bikes are pretty cheap, it's good for students like me who have a limited budget, I get to save a lot of money by using bikes instead of paying for the expensive subway ticket. So in my opinion, bikes will never be replaced.
Task3
【讲座主题】是否要在艺术楼里修建咖啡厅
分析：
【阅读内容】学生吃东西没有地方去，而且可以在咖啡厅挂一些艺术品
【听力内容】学生同意，原因一买东西的地方要走十分钟，离学习的地方比较远，而且课比较多；原因二可以挂艺术品，吸引更多的人。
范文1：
The material is to make a proposal to add a coffee shop to the fine arts building, effective for students to make purchase of snacks and food as well as view fine arts on display. The speaker agrees with the proposal. There are two reasons. First of all, the nearest food shop available is in the student centre, which is 10mins’ walk from the teaching building, and students will be late for their class if they go
there to fetch food during class interval. Moreover, few students have heard of the display, but now they have reason to stop by and enjoy the find artwork of art students.
范文2：
The student suggests that the university should open a coffee shop in the fine art building due to two reasons. The first reason is that students can have a place to buy snacks and drink between classes. The second reason is to encourage students to come to the fine art building to appreciate the artworks of students. In the conversation, the woman agrees with the suggestion. In the first reason, she mentions that now the closest coffee shop is in the student center which is 10 minutes' walk, and students will be late for the next class if they go there to buy stuff. As for the second reason, the woman points out that it would be really fun to hang out in the fine art building and see some of the students' works.
Task4
strategic alliance
分析：
【内容讲解】一个企业和其他企业联合整合资源和expertise
【1个例子】做一个巧克力的和一个做脆饼干(crispy pretzel)联合,开发巧克力卧涂层的饼干,大受欢迎
范文1：
Subject-expectancy effect describes a psychological phenomenon that the expectancy of the subjects of a study may influences the result of the research, even if the drug being tested is not effective at all.
The professor talked about an example of office workers, who considered themselves tired and sluggish in work. To cheer them up, the researches claimed to give them a special vitamin tablet, effective to bring them energy and make their work more productive. However, in fact, the vitamin pills were fake, without any effective ingredient, and of course, the effect claimed by the researchers was not convincing as well. But when the office workers started to take pill every day for 2 weeks, the majority of them started to do a lot
more work. Because they believed the pills they had taken daily made them energetic and productive.
范文2：
In the lecture, the professor talks about the concept of subject-expectancy effect which means the tendency for the subjects of the study to let their expectations affect the outcome. He offers us an example to illustrate it. Some workers from a company always complain that they feel fatigue, so researchers offered them some vitamin pills and claimed that the pills were very helpful to increase people's energy, after taking the vitamin for a while, these workers felt they were indeed more energetic than before and it significantly improved their work efficiency. The truth is, the vitamin didn't really have that effect on people, it was simply the workers' expectation of the vitamin that worked.
Task5
学生给Sam买礼物祝贺他搬进新公寓，买新bookcase,需要组装发现一些部件遗失。
分析：
【解决方案】(1)可以等待商店补货，但需两周，本周六就要开庆祝party;(2)可以先告诉Sam后再给他，也可以买个更贵的，但没钱。
范文1：
The speaker has met a problem that he has being written his history paper due tomorrow on his friend’s computer, which has unexpectedly broken down. None of the people around are able to fix that. There are two solutions for him. Firstly, he can ask his friend for help, as the friend is more familiar with his own device, but he goes to bed early and the speaker doesn't want to interrupt. Secondly, he can finish up the paper all over in the computer lab tomorrow morning, but he has to hurry up before the class. Personally, I think the first solution is better. I think real friend can understand the emergency and does not mind being waked up and helping his friend out.
范文2：
The man's problem is that the computer he borrowed from his roommate broke while he was writing up his history paper, and his paper is due tomorrow. There are two possible solutions. The first one is ask his roommate to fix it up. And the second solution is to switch to a different computer to finish his paper. If I were in his shoes, I would go for the second solution because the man did say in the conversation that he would still be able to remember what he wrote in the paper even if it's a different computer. I personally don't recommend the other solution because his roommate goes to bed pretty early and there's no reason to mess up with his routine. He might be upset with the man and that could jeopardize their relationship.
Task6
两种植物保护自己不被吃掉
分析：
(1)有些草长刺，很锋利会割伤嘴，昆虫不敢吃;
(2)passion wine在叶子上长出yellow pump(fake egg)让毛毛虫认为已经有虫在上面产卵了而不吃他们。
范文1：
There are two ways plants cooperate with beneficial insects and prevent themselves from being eaten by harmful insects. The first method is to send out signals, which is to release a special chemical into the air and attract the friendly insect. Take grapevine for example. When it is being eaten by spider mites, it will send out chemical compound into the air and the lady bugs are thus attracted and come to eat the spiders. This is beneficial both to the plant, which avoids being eaten and the lady bugs as well, which find food. The second approach is to keep the good insects around, providing them food source. For example, cactus will provide a kind of sticky substance that ants like and when harmful insects tend to approach the cactus, the ants will eat up the harmful insects and protect the plant.
范文2：
In the lecture, the professor talks about two ways plants attract protective insects. He offers us two examples to illustrate it. The first kind of plants can release a kind of chemical and use this chemical as a signal to attract lady ants when under attack, and lady ants can then kill the harmful insects for the plants. The second plants on the other hand can provide food for protective insects. For example some cactuses can release a kind of juice which happens to be the perfect food source for their protective insects.
写作
综合写作： 安第斯遗址是否为军事堡垒
阅读：（不具有防御功能）
1. 遗址的墙不完整，有些地方没有墙；
2. 城墙有很多入口，不适合作为堡垒；
3. 遗址内没有证据显示内部可以储存食物和水。
听力反驳
1. 遗址没有墙的地方旁边有很多自然屏障，比如陡峭的山或者峡谷，不需要墙来做防护；
2. 城墙的入口是用来观察敌情的，而且入口不大，方便封锁；
3. 这个地区气候干旱，侵略者不会长时间地进攻。
独立写作：
Do you agree or disagree: Nowadays students like using their phones, listening to music and surfing on the Internet when they are studying. However, some people think that has bad effects on learning.
是否新题：是
题材：教育类
独立写作思路：
同意
（1）一边学习一边做其他事情会分散注意力，降低学习效率；
（2）一边学习一边做其他事情会增加出错率，降低学习的质量。
阅读
第一篇：
Mexican murals
墨西哥艺术（mural)大概说非常独特，有自己的特点，影响了其他地方的art,由墨西哥ministerofeducation (有题,问是谁资助的，答案是government)他想要develop墨西哥展现自己文化的艺术。
墨西哥墙画也diversify，然后用一段描述了三个艺术家的art分别是什么样的，第一个大概representthe aspiration in thepast and future,风格比较平民化。第二个艺术家不管是内容还是技法都比较阴暗，他的画揭示 social problems。第三个艺术家记不太清了。
(这段有三个题，每个题对应一个艺术家的风格特点）
最后讲了影响，影响了America和Europe的艺术。
第二篇：
水生到陆生的爬行动物egg的变化
这篇就是讲三个theory：
第一个theory说这个transition是伴随着水生动物到陆生动物而发生的,根据如fossil records;
第二个theory说eggs可以形成一层membrane帮助eggs存储钙离子，然后也会有更多的yolk(蛋黄）因为陆地上的低温和poor nutrients。蛋是变大了，但是母亲也就产的更少了（有题，说cold environment会导致蛋多还是蛋少，答案是变少）；
第三个也说eggs形成保护膜（有个学术名词),但是是为了防止蛋被地面上的microbes破坏，但是有了这个膜也会让水份更难被蛋吸收。总之都是为了蛋的成功孵化，延续物种的数量。
最后一段记不太清了。
第三篇
美国工业的发展
给了张美国地图，New England地区,和一个Mid出十么的地区,被标注了不同颜色。
New England地区有很多水源，帮助人生活和做为工业的动力。本来传统产业是农业，但是后来西进运动让这个地区的农业收到了威胁，因为本来这里的土地就很贫瘠，受到威胁后， 农民们开始转行做其他的工作，fishings啥的(有题，为啥农民转行）。这些附属产业的发展让投资者开始发展工业。
然后是讲了工业发展促进铁路发展，需要大量的钢材，进而引出某些北方城市的发展，NYC 作为例子,因为工业发展需要煤炭和铁矿。东边有煤，西边有铁矿，所以它们之间的city就变成了很重要的中转地。
然后讲了南部的情况（主要为了对比北方工业），南方主要是农业，就算北方工业发展到了很高的水平,南方还是advocate农业。
词汇题是考生从考场带来的最有价值的第一手学习资源，来看看今天考了哪些词汇?你都会吗?
exclusively=only、counter=combat、contradictory=conflicting、promote、surge、proportion=size、sustain=support、manifestation=expression、breakthrough=development
听力
对话1
女生去图书馆，说电脑査书但是找不到，大叔说图书状态是return还是什么的反正不是on shelf,让女生明天再来。然后又说主题是新西兰火山啥的，还说新的借书系统比复杂，教授叫学生怎么用。
讲座1
海洋生物，又是coral reef,讲它bleach啥的，讲它和一个叫zoo啥的可以相互benefit。还说到有的植物可以recovery bleaching然而因为trade off 不能像以前一样愉快的生存了。
讲座2
说冰川，怎么判断ice age的come and go,又提到tpo说的那个M theory,椭圆的地球轨道和axial tilt怎么影响。
对话2
跟生物老师聊天，女生写了一篇关于honeybee 的paper,涉及到了它的dance和利用magnetic field来导航。老师跟她探讨了一些paper里的问题。
讲座3
ancient pottery,不肯用——种classification来分类，要好多种一起来，还说了根据shape surface 啥的判断pottery的分类。
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Task1
Describe an occasion in your country where people give gifts to each other and the kind of gift that’s common.
分析：
可根据个人经验或熟知的情景进行描述，如：I would like to talk about we send gifts to
each other after the graduation ceremony. It has a sentimental value.随后可以描述大家互送礼物的寓意或者情感价值。
范文1：
Every year during my friends’ birthdays, it is time to show how much I care about our friendship and I ought to send them gifts. For my choice of gifts, I would put aside my personal preference and choose the gifts that they like. For me, an important part of my social life is to remember the particular preferences of my friends, and when the right gifts make them delighted, it gives me a great sense of satisfaction. Such gifts undoubtedly go a long way in their lives, and my friends would love to use them for their practical functions. Picking gifts in this way shows my respect for my friends’ needs and likings and strengthens our friendships. However, picking gifts according to my interest might not offer such benefits.
范文2：
An occasion people exchange gifts in my country is Christmas. Firstly, it's a great opportunity to show that you really care about someone. For instance when I was 6, my family was going through a hard time because my dad just lost his job, but he and my mom still managed to cut back on their own life and saved enough money to buy me the bike I'd always wanted, and that really meant a lot to me and I felt their love for me and their willingness to do anything for me. Also, Christmas is a time when we think about giving instead of taking, exchanging gifts is more of a symbolic gesture to remind us of the meaning of Christmas.
Task2
Some people think bicycles will no longer be used in the future because they’ll be replaced by something modern. Other people think bicycles will always be popular. Which do you agree with?
分析：
问是否同意这样的观点：自行车在未来能否被取代？可回答同意或者不同意，并给出适当理由。如：As far as I am concerned, bicycle would not be replaced in the future. Compared with cars and vehicles, bicycle is more eco-friendly than car, it has nothing to do with air pollution at all. 随后可以提出举例说明现存的情况，比如更健康，更节约能源等。
范文1：
I don't think bicycle is to be replaced no matter how developed the society is. There are some reasons for my claim. First of all, bicycle is
seldom affected by traffic jam. When cars and public transportation are blocked on their way, bicycle, with its flexibility, is able to shuttle among heavy traffic, finding its way across lanes and paths. Moreover, riding bicycle is considered to be the most efficient way to keep fit, both in time and money. Those who frequently visit gym must be familiar with one item, effective to lose weight, spinning, a combination of exercise and bicycle. In consideration of time and money spent on gym, why don't we directly go to work or school by bike?
范文2：
I think bikes will never be replaced for two reasons. First of all, bikes are one of the most eco-friendly ways of transportation so far. Compared with trains, buses and automobiles, bikes don't bring any environmental problems to the society, if more people used bikes, there would be less tail-gas emission and our planet would be a more livable place, so in the long run, more and more people would probably choose to use bikes. Also, bikes are pretty cheap, it's good for students like me who have a limited budget, I get to save a lot of money by using bikes instead of paying for the expensive subway ticket. So in my opinion, bikes will never be replaced.
Task3
【讲座主题】是否要在艺术楼里修建咖啡厅
分析：
【阅读内容】学生吃东西没有地方去，而且可以在咖啡厅挂一些艺术品
【听力内容】学生同意，原因一买东西的地方要走十分钟，离学习的地方比较远，而且课比较多；原因二可以挂艺术品，吸引更多的人。
范文1：
The material is to make a proposal to add a coffee shop to the fine arts building, effective for students to make purchase of snacks and food as well as view fine arts on display. The speaker agrees with the proposal. There are two reasons. First of all, the nearest food shop available is in the student centre, which is 10mins’ walk from the teaching building, and students will be late for their class if they go
there to fetch food during class interval. Moreover, few students have heard of the display, but now they have reason to stop by and enjoy the find artwork of art students.
范文2：
The student suggests that the university should open a coffee shop in the fine art building due to two reasons. The first reason is that students can have a place to buy snacks and drink between classes. The second reason is to encourage students to come to the fine art building to appreciate the artworks of students. In the conversation, the woman agrees with the suggestion. In the first reason, she mentions that now the closest coffee shop is in the student center which is 10 minutes' walk, and students will be late for the next class if they go there to buy stuff. As for the second reason, the woman points out that it would be really fun to hang out in the fine art building and see some of the students' works.
Task4
strategic alliance
分析：
【内容讲解】一个企业和其他企业联合整合资源和expertise
【1个例子】做一个巧克力的和一个做脆饼干(crispy pretzel)联合,开发巧克力卧涂层的饼干,大受欢迎
范文1：
Subject-expectancy effect describes a psychological phenomenon that the expectancy of the subjects of a study may influences the result of the research, even if the drug being tested is not effective at all.
The professor talked about an example of office workers, who considered themselves tired and sluggish in work. To cheer them up, the researches claimed to give them a special vitamin tablet, effective to bring them energy and make their work more productive. However, in fact, the vitamin pills were fake, without any effective ingredient, and of course, the effect claimed by the researchers was not convincing as well. But when the office workers started to take pill every day for 2 weeks, the majority of them started to do a lot
more work. Because they believed the pills they had taken daily made them energetic and productive.
范文2：
In the lecture, the professor talks about the concept of subject-expectancy effect which means the tendency for the subjects of the study to let their expectations affect the outcome. He offers us an example to illustrate it. Some workers from a company always complain that they feel fatigue, so researchers offered them some vitamin pills and claimed that the pills were very helpful to increase people's energy, after taking the vitamin for a while, these workers felt they were indeed more energetic than before and it significantly improved their work efficiency. The truth is, the vitamin didn't really have that effect on people, it was simply the workers' expectation of the vitamin that worked.
Task5
学生给Sam买礼物祝贺他搬进新公寓，买新bookcase,需要组装发现一些部件遗失。
分析：
【解决方案】(1)可以等待商店补货，但需两周，本周六就要开庆祝party;(2)可以先告诉Sam后再给他，也可以买个更贵的，但没钱。
范文1：
The speaker has met a problem that he has being written his history paper due tomorrow on his friend’s computer, which has unexpectedly broken down. None of the people around are able to fix that. There are two solutions for him. Firstly, he can ask his friend for help, as the friend is more familiar with his own device, but he goes to bed early and the speaker doesn't want to interrupt. Secondly, he can finish up the paper all over in the computer lab tomorrow morning, but he has to hurry up before the class. Personally, I think the first solution is better. I think real friend can understand the emergency and does not mind being waked up and helping his friend out.
范文2：
The man's problem is that the computer he borrowed from his roommate broke while he was writing up his history paper, and his paper is due tomorrow. There are two possible solutions. The first one is ask his roommate to fix it up. And the second solution is to switch to a different computer to finish his paper. If I were in his shoes, I would go for the second solution because the man did say in the conversation that he would still be able to remember what he wrote in the paper even if it's a different computer. I personally don't recommend the other solution because his roommate goes to bed pretty early and there's no reason to mess up with his routine. He might be upset with the man and that could jeopardize their relationship.
Task6
两种植物保护自己不被吃掉
分析：
(1)有些草长刺，很锋利会割伤嘴，昆虫不敢吃;
(2)passion wine在叶子上长出yellow pump(fake egg)让毛毛虫认为已经有虫在上面产卵了而不吃他们。
范文1：
There are two ways plants cooperate with beneficial insects and prevent themselves from being eaten by harmful insects. The first method is to send out signals, which is to release a special chemical into the air and attract the friendly insect. Take grapevine for example. When it is being eaten by spider mites, it will send out chemical compound into the air and the lady bugs are thus attracted and come to eat the spiders. This is beneficial both to the plant, which avoids being eaten and the lady bugs as well, which find food. The second approach is to keep the good insects around, providing them food source. For example, cactus will provide a kind of sticky substance that ants like and when harmful insects tend to approach the cactus, the ants will eat up the harmful insects and protect the plant.
范文2：
In the lecture, the professor talks about two ways plants attract protective insects. He offers us two examples to illustrate it. The first kind of plants can release a kind of chemical and use this chemical as a signal to attract lady ants when under attack, and lady ants can then kill the harmful insects for the plants. The second plants on the other hand can provide food for protective insects. For example some cactuses can release a kind of juice which happens to be the perfect food source for their protective insects.
写作
综合写作： 安第斯遗址是否为军事堡垒
阅读：（不具有防御功能）
1. 遗址的墙不完整，有些地方没有墙；
2. 城墙有很多入口，不适合作为堡垒；
3. 遗址内没有证据显示内部可以储存食物和水。
听力反驳
1. 遗址没有墙的地方旁边有很多自然屏障，比如陡峭的山或者峡谷，不需要墙来做防护；
2. 城墙的入口是用来观察敌情的，而且入口不大，方便封锁；
3. 这个地区气候干旱，侵略者不会长时间地进攻。
独立写作：
Do you agree or disagree: Nowadays students like using their phones, listening to music and surfing on the Internet when they are studying. However, some people think that has bad effects on learning.
是否新题：是
题材：教育类
独立写作思路：
同意
（1）一边学习一边做其他事情会分散注意力，降低学习效率；
（2）一边学习一边做其他事情会增加出错率，降低学习的质量。
阅读
第一篇：
Mexican murals
墨西哥艺术（mural)大概说非常独特，有自己的特点，影响了其他地方的art,由墨西哥ministerofeducation (有题,问是谁资助的，答案是government)他想要develop墨西哥展现自己文化的艺术。
墨西哥墙画也diversify，然后用一段描述了三个艺术家的art分别是什么样的，第一个大概representthe aspiration in thepast and future,风格比较平民化。第二个艺术家不管是内容还是技法都比较阴暗，他的画揭示 social problems。第三个艺术家记不太清了。
(这段有三个题，每个题对应一个艺术家的风格特点）
最后讲了影响，影响了America和Europe的艺术。
第二篇：
水生到陆生的爬行动物egg的变化
这篇就是讲三个theory：
第一个theory说这个transition是伴随着水生动物到陆生动物而发生的,根据如fossil records;
第二个theory说eggs可以形成一层membrane帮助eggs存储钙离子，然后也会有更多的yolk(蛋黄）因为陆地上的低温和poor nutrients。蛋是变大了，但是母亲也就产的更少了（有题，说cold environment会导致蛋多还是蛋少，答案是变少）；
第三个也说eggs形成保护膜（有个学术名词),但是是为了防止蛋被地面上的microbes破坏，但是有了这个膜也会让水份更难被蛋吸收。总之都是为了蛋的成功孵化，延续物种的数量。
最后一段记不太清了。
第三篇
美国工业的发展
给了张美国地图，New England地区,和一个Mid出十么的地区,被标注了不同颜色。
New England地区有很多水源，帮助人生活和做为工业的动力。本来传统产业是农业，但是后来西进运动让这个地区的农业收到了威胁，因为本来这里的土地就很贫瘠，受到威胁后， 农民们开始转行做其他的工作，fishings啥的(有题，为啥农民转行）。这些附属产业的发展让投资者开始发展工业。
然后是讲了工业发展促进铁路发展，需要大量的钢材，进而引出某些北方城市的发展，NYC 作为例子,因为工业发展需要煤炭和铁矿。东边有煤，西边有铁矿，所以它们之间的city就变成了很重要的中转地。
然后讲了南部的情况（主要为了对比北方工业），南方主要是农业，就算北方工业发展到了很高的水平,南方还是advocate农业。
词汇题是考生从考场带来的最有价值的第一手学习资源，来看看今天考了哪些词汇?你都会吗?
exclusively=only、counter=combat、contradictory=conflicting、promote、surge、proportion=size、sustain=support、manifestation=expression、breakthrough=development
听力
对话1
女生去图书馆，说电脑査书但是找不到，大叔说图书状态是return还是什么的反正不是on shelf,让女生明天再来。然后又说主题是新西兰火山啥的，还说新的借书系统比复杂，教授叫学生怎么用。
讲座1
海洋生物，又是coral reef,讲它bleach啥的，讲它和一个叫zoo啥的可以相互benefit。还说到有的植物可以recovery bleaching然而因为trade off 不能像以前一样愉快的生存了。
讲座2
说冰川，怎么判断ice age的come and go,又提到tpo说的那个M theory,椭圆的地球轨道和axial tilt怎么影响。
对话2
跟生物老师聊天，女生写了一篇关于honeybee 的paper,涉及到了它的dance和利用magnetic field来导航。老师跟她探讨了一些paper里的问题。
讲座3
ancient pottery,不肯用——种classification来分类，要好多种一起来，还说了根据shape surface 啥的判断pottery的分类。
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