托福机经预测
2015年8月30日托福真题回顾
写作
第一部分
综合写作： 有关“消灭白蜡树上的甲壳虫”的解决办法
阅读：
1. 禁止白蜡树的运输，这样甲壳虫巢穴就不会转移到其他地区传染其他树木；
2. 在白蜡树上钻孔并注射化学杀虫剂，让甲壳虫远离白蜡树；
3. 种植甲壳虫喜欢在上面繁殖的饵树，吸引甲壳虫到这些饵树上，减少对白蜡树的伤害。
听力反驳
1. 虽然可以禁止白蜡树的运输，但是不能禁止私人公司砍伐白蜡树并把它们运到其他地区；
2. 化学杀虫剂会损害树木，而且杀虫剂的功效只能持续两年，此外杀虫剂还会伤害其他没有害处的昆虫；
3. 种植饵树在吸引甲壳虫的同时也为甲壳虫提供了食物来源，这样反而会增加甲壳虫的数量。
综合写作思路：
1. 阅读认为可以采取禁止白蜡树运输的办法，防止甲壳虫入侵的白蜡树进入其他地区；听力反对这一观点，认为尽管已经有禁止白蜡树运输的规定，但是很难禁止私人公司砍伐白蜡树并把它们运到其他地区。
2. 阅读认为可以在白蜡树上钻孔并注射化学杀虫剂，让甲壳虫远离白蜡树；听力反对这一观点，认为化学杀虫剂会损害树木，而且杀虫剂的功效只能持续两年，此外杀虫剂还会伤害其他没有害处的昆虫。
3. 阅读认为可以种植饵树，吸引甲壳虫在饵树上繁殖，减少对白蜡树的伤害；听力反对这一观点，认为饵树在吸引甲壳虫的同时也为甲壳虫提供了食物来源，这样反而会增加甲壳虫的数量。
范文：
This topic is regarding whether or not people can save the ash trees from the catastrophic damage caused by the emerald ash borers, a kind of harmful beetles to the tree. The listening and the reading contents hold different perspectives on it.
To begin with, the lecturer says that although several bans on the movement of the ash trees have been made, they still have trouble prohibiting private companies that cut down those trees and transport it to other places, causing infestation spread. The reading however indicates the regulation can prevent infested tree logs from intruding the healthy trees. Thus, the ban trying to limit the transportation of ash trees or untreated firewood fails to stop this disaster.
Secondly, from the reading passage, emerald ash borers or EAB usually cut holes to lay eggs and harm the trees, so it would be a wise remedy to use pesticide by drilling holes directly to kill the larvae. Nevertheless, the speaker refutes and says that these methods injury trees; besides, the medication of pesticide only lasts two years that it has to be applied again. Lastly, the pesticide might also be damaging to other harmless insects inhabiting in such kind of trees.
Finally, the lecturer also denies the methods of setting up trap trees for attracting beetles to lay eggs on them instead of really doing that on the ash trees as the passage put forth. Chances are that such trap trees not just draw the attention of the beetles, but also provide them food in a way. In other words, it will increase the population of beetles and hurt more ash trees at the same time. Therefore, the methods proposed by the author are not satisfactory.
第二部分
独立写作：
题目：Do you agree or disagree: It is important to have rules of types of clothing for people to wear for work or school.
命中情况：否
是否新题：否
重复情况： 2008-3-29NA，2009-11-14CN，2013-8-24CN，2015-8-30CN
题材：社会类
独立写作思路：
1. 同意
（1）统一着装可以增强人们的集体和团队意识，促使大家互帮互助；
（2）统一着装显得更专业，可提高沟通的效率。
2. 不同意
（1）如今是一个凸显个性的时代，穿制服会埋没人们的个性；
（2）统一着装会让人感到很乏味，缺少新鲜感。
范文：
What should I wear today? As a matter of fact, some people feel knowing what to wear before going to workplaces or schools is a challenge. To solve this award issue, some companies or schools enforce rules specifying what kind of clothes people are expected to wear. I am inclined to the view that dress code could be beneficial for both workers or students and the institutions as long as the requirements are appropriate.
Enforcing dress code in workplaces prompts the people who work there to show support for each other. Nowadays, although no one seriously doubt the significance of individuality, solidarity and discipline are essential for most workplaces after all. Many business owners believe the success of an enterprise depends on collaboration and joint effort among employees. The requirement of dress code is a pragmatic way that encourages workers to help each other. When a worker complies with the dress code, he identifies himself as part of the organization first. So when you hear requests from someone who dress similar to you, you decide to help him because you are colleagues and belong to the same institution rather than the superficial fact that you look alike.
Furthermore, there is a good professional reason why some people should dress themselves as expected. Some professionals have to wear uniforms, the strictest kind of dress code, in certain occasions as the uniforms deliver an important message about how the other party should interact with the professionals. The uniforms not only increase the efficiency of communication but also signify the consequence of inappropriate communication. For example, barristers in United Kingdom, the lawyers who have right to advocate in higher courts of law, are required to wear wig when they appear in courts. It signals that everyone including his clients should communicate with him about legal issues only and his colleagues should use the legal language to talk to him as it is the only language recognized by the court of law. In addition, you might want to be careful about how you should interact with anyone wearing police or military uniforms. Undesirable consequences could occur if you fail to obey their commands.
Some people feel the dress code requirement is a depression of personality for whoever wears it. The opinion could bejustified if the institutions enforce the rule too strictly. Nevertheless, in general, I approve the requirement discussed above taking all the benefits into account.
口语
Task1
Is it important to be polite and have good manners?
分析：
思路：这道题问礼貌和良好的行为举止为什么重要。可以从两方面出发。首先，这是良好品质（virtue）的体现，可以表示对人的尊重；其次，礼貌待人更利于交流（communication），你对别人采取礼貌的态度，别人也会用积极的方式回馈你。
查看前程百利范文链接：http://bbs.bailiedu.com/thread-40978-1-1.html
其他范文参考1：
Politeness and good manners are very important in social settings. For one, if you go to a social event and want to make new friends, good manners help a lot. When you hold the door for others and talk to them nicely, you will leave a good impression on people and they will more likely want to talk to you. In family gatherings, having good table manners, like not talking with your mouth full, or helping family members prepare food, shows your respect for them. I’ve seen people talking loud at dinner table or in a quite setting, and I always think it’s kind of embarrassing.
其他范文参考2：
I believe one should be polite in the interaction with others. There are some reasons for my concern. First of all, being polite is a positive move to communicate with others. Understandably, no one would like to talk with someone who behaves rude. For example, last time, when I was travel on my own, I met a guy who sounded rude, with dirty words in his mouth all the time. In the process, he tried to communicate with me, but I pretended I didn't hear, because I don't want to talk with an impolite person. And it seemed not safe. Moreover, politeness is a good indication of characteristics. When looking at a person behaving himself/ herself, we tend to believe he/she is well-educated, with a decent job, loved by people around. But it is a different story when looking at a rude person.
Task2
To be successful in sport, which is more important? Talent or hard work?
分析：
思路：这道题说agree比较好讲。
理由一，古语有云，勤能补拙（practice makes perfect），就算是没有天赋的人，也能通过不断练习提高技能；
理由二，不是每个成功的运动员都是靠天赋的，例如：丁俊晖，著名的台球运动员，就是通过多年的努力才有今天的成就。
参考范文1：
Although talent and hard work are both important for anyone to achieve any kind of success, I believe hard work is the deciding factor when talent is present. For example, I have two high school friends, Jack and Peter, who were both into basketball. They were both pretty good at it, but Jack was very humble and always trying to get better, while Peter said it was good enough to help his get girls. Jack practiced every day without fail, saying that Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant worked so hard to get where they were, and he made it to the school team and got a sports scholarship at a good university. Peter was pretty mediocre upon graduation, and gave it up. It is very common that people give up their dreams because they don’t want to work hard enough, and it’s a shame.
参考范文2：
I believe talent is more important. There are some reasons. Firstly, one can never be an athlete without talents. Take my brother for example. He is so smart, but as a science student, he knows little about sports. Therefore, no matter how much my aunt wants him to be a runner, this will not happen. Secondly, talent brings interest, and interest encourages hard work. As is known to all, athletes have to work devotedly to his work for an unexpectedly long time before he achieves prizes in big events and if there’s no interest, it’s hard to continue. In comparison to hard work, talent is where interest comes and thus seems more important.
Task3
university should hold club fair at the beginning of each year, so that students can know better about these clubs and decide which one to join, they can also ask club members about the experience they have in the clubs. The man in the conversation agree with the proposal for two reasons. One is that they could know these clubs better, because only club posters are not enough; the second is that students could communicate with club members directly,to decide whether to join the club
分析：
阅读部分是一则建议，建议学校在每学年开始举办club fair。在听力对话中，男生对此表示赞同，并给出两个理由。回答可以参考一下模板： It’s proposed that ... Well, in the conversation, the man totally agree with that. For one thing, ... For the others, ...
范文1：
The material proposes that the university should hold club fair at the beginning of each year, so that students can know better about these clubs and decide which one to join, and plus they can also ask club members about the experience they have in the clubs. The man in the conversation agrees with the proposal. There are two reasons. First of all, they could know these clubs better. Currently, there is no central place for all the club information and the only information available is from the posters, which lack adequate information for club selection. The second reason is that students could communicate with club members directly, to decide whether to join the club or not. For example, he joined the photographing club, which is quite interesting. But this cannot be revealed directly from the poster. Instead, if one can communicate with the member, they will realize how interesting it is.
范文2：
A student proposes that the school should publish club information so that students can get more info about campus activities, and they can hear about club members’ experience.
The man in the conversation agrees. First, he says right now there’s no one central place to provide all the information, so they have to know what’s happening through posters or friends, and sometimes it’s not very convenient. Second, he is in a photography club. You don’t know how interesting it is until you talk to the members. You cannot know about their stories from posters and stuff.
Task4
When children are young, their behavior with other children seems rude and unacceptable by adult world. At this time, adult can teach them what proper behavior is, children can learn and then imitate adults, this process is called social skill training. The example is a little girl Mary doesn't have a red crayon for her painting, so she just grabs another boy's red crayon. At this time the speaker stepped in and teaches the girl how to ask for a red crayon properly. And the girl then learns how to ask for sth instead of just grabbing.
分析：
这道题介绍了一个概念“social skill training”，指的是孩子像成年人学习良好行为的过程。后面给出了一个小女孩抢别人蜡笔的例子，通过学习成年人的行为，她学会了不抢东西，而是正确的向别人借东西。可以参考一下模板： Social skill training is a process that ... In the lecture, the professor introduced an example to illustrate that. A girl called Mary ... That’s how she learn proper behavior by social skill training.
范文1：
Social skill training describes a psychological phenomenon that children acquire the social behaviours under the instruction of adults. In order to let children behave properly, adults should inform them of the purpose of certain behaviour, demonstrate the behaviour and then let children simulate it.
The professor talked about an example of his own. When he was teaching, in his class, there was a girl named Mary. Her crayons run out and she got Paul’s, one boy in class, without asking. Having seen this, the professor told Mary it was not right to take others’ stuff without asking. On the contrary, she should borrow crayons from Paul in the form of politely asking for them. The little girl then followed the instruction and from then on, she has learned how to borrow things from other and that process best indicates how children’s social behaviours are properly formed.
范文2：
Social behavior training: Adults perform social behavior and make children imitate the behavior and children eventually know how to behave in social settings themselves.
In the listening, the professor used to teach in a kindergarten. One day he was teaching kids color pictures. A girl named Mary wanted a red crayon but couldn’t find one in the box, so she grabbed one from a boy named Paul’s hand. The professor then showed her how to borrow things from others politely, and from then on, the girl learned to always be polite when borrowing things.
Task5
a woman has a schedule problem. Her two classes are set on the same day and she has only 30 minutes for lunch, but not enough for her to eat. There are two solutions, one is that the woman could take her own meal from home, but requires many shopping and packaging; the second is to switch one class to evening, but that means she will have a long and tiring day. Which solution you recommend and why?
分析：
这道题是典型的时间冲突类问题，对话中，女生有两节课安排在了同一天，中间没有时间吃午饭了。对此她有两种解决方案，一是从家带饭，二是将其中一节课调到晚上。但是这两种都有利弊，如果是我的话我会选择从家带饭，因为虽然采购比较麻烦，但是也比浪费很多等待时间要好。可以参考的模板是：The woman faces a problem that ... To solve that trouble, she has two possible solutions. Firstly, she can ..., but ... Secondly, she can ..., however, ... If I were her, I would choose the first solution. Because...
范文1：
The speaker has met a problem that this semester, she has selected two courses that are tightly arranged, one before noon and the other after noon, which means there is only half an hour available for her lunch. There are two solutions for her. First of all, she can take food with her, which requires good organizing. For example, she needs to go to the supermarket for ingredients. Secondly, she can make the chemistry class in the evening, which is taught by the same professor. However, she may be too tired to have class the whole day. Personally, the secondly solution is better. On one hand, she does not need to get ingredients quite often and that saves time. On the other hand, she can take advantage of time when the chemistry class supposed to be.
范文2：
The girl’s problem is that she has one afternoon class and one evening class, but there’s only a 30-minute break in between which is not enough for her to have dinner. The first solution is to bring supper to class, but it’s a lot of work preparing the food. The second solution is to move the afternoon class to the evening, but then she’ll get out of class very late and she’ll be exhausted.
Task6
animals in dry season have different ways of obtaining water to survive. one is due to their physical features. for example, elephants, with their huge size and strength, can tear off a certain kind of tree and drink the water stored inside. the second one is that wildbeat would migrate to other places when the dry season comes, and migrate back when the dry season ends
分析：
这篇讲座介绍了动物在干燥的季节是如何获得水分来生存的。第一种方法是利用物理特征，例如大象；第二种方法是迁徙。可以参考一下模板： In the lecture, the professor discussed two ways for animals to ... The first one is ... For example, ... The second one is ... That is to say ...
范文1：
The lecture discussed about two ways animals survive in the African Savannah in dry seasons. The first adaptation is physical. Take elephant for example. In the seasons when there is no rains for months, in the local area, there is a kind of tree able to absorb water and store in rainy days. The elephant is capable of tearing off the bark over the trunk and getting water. The other adaptation is behavioural. Take wildebeest for example. Every year during the dry seasons, they will migrate north, where there is plenty of grasslands and water as well. They will move back after the day seasons have passed.
范文2：
The professor talks about two ways animals survive in dry seasons. The first is special physical feathers. For example, elephants have big-sized bodies and sharp tusks that can help them drink water from barks which can store water. The second is special behavior. For example, wild beasts migrate to the north during droughts, because there’s enough water and food there.
阅读
第一篇
讲欧洲的M cave art, recently have beendiscovered。画的内容有human hand, geometric patterns, animals,但是除了有expensive air-conditioner 的部分，剩下大多数都不对外开放是因为avoiddamage。
后面讲他们会mix color, thus having plenty ofpigments。
第二篇
将photography带来的weeklies。大体在对比之前的和现在的。简化句子题讲的是一个画家通过模仿daguerreotype可以画一个远在California的captain即使没见过他。
第三篇
讲的early agricultural settlement in NewEngland area。美国人开始adapt Native people 的方式种crops around beans which can provide nitrogen and enhance the growth。后来他们有了充足的食物后又回到European style，吃他们喜欢的食物。有词汇题ingenuity。
听力
对话1
讲电磁波普一开始说了各种的wave，什么radio wave什么的，(这里有题，问为什么提到这些wave)后面说今天要讲电子领域，电子领域很effect的(这里有题，选有effect的选项)，如果你想知道magnetic领域的，自己计算。(这里有重听题)
讲座1
讲formality，古埃及的雕塑一开始都是不realism的，认得肌肉都比较大，肩膀都很宽。主要因为当时的pharaoh通知下的社会规则(有题，问是什么导致realism)使得雕塑放映的都是ideal的东西。Painting里面有个高的是social status高(有题，问画有什么特征)，后来换了一个法老，是A period，法老的名字简称AK啦，他统治下的雕塑，居然开始发应人的表情，some people with higher social status shows fatigue facial expression. 法老自己和老婆孩子的雕塑居然有affection的表情。(有题，选有affection的选项)这篇有一个重听题。
讲座2
Plant domestication，说人类为啥要domestic plant呢，用wheat举例子，上边哪个穗本来就是熟了之后掉在地上，这样对人来说非常不方便，因为人需要在对的时间和对的地点才能harvest crop，因为domestication上面那个穗就需要人砍才能掉下来，这样就方便了人类。然后一个同学问，那得多长时间plant才能domestic呢，教授说根据computer来算应该200年就差不多，后来说但是事实看来要比那个长，因为researcher发现，一些domestic和一些没有domestic的crop一起长，所以说，可能domestication比想象还要长。
对话2
一个男生因为听力resume的workshop，所以得到了一个公司的面试，然后想要参加这个interview workshop可惜都满了，因为这个instructor很popular，然后这个advisor就建议他去career library去看一个人写的书，这个人曾经interview100多人，然后这个女生就说他有课，可一下课以后再去看看，advisor说可以，晚上5点才关门。
讲座3
Biofilm是细菌的集群，能分泌一种糖蛋白，然后附着在物体上(岩石，管道，船底，牙齿)，之后在细胞间形成输送管，送细胞(细胞太多时)，送营养，细胞过多的时候就在分泌小泡把细菌送到别的地方去，他们单个细胞的抵抗能力更强(考点)，另外，他们还有好处的，可以治理污水。
讲座4
一个男生和他的art教授讨论他的画，然后前面crack了，他们就讨论为什么起初他们用一个gesso这个是用来prepare的，然后他说他已经等了一天半了，等着画干，教授说那没问题，他又说他想create shadow and texture 什么的，他就先涂了一个fat layer才涂lean layer，教授说这样不对，因为lean layer干的更快，这样就会把fat layer弄得crack，所以她告诉学生下次不能这样做。
两篇conversation，一篇是服务咨询，一篇是办公时间，四篇lecture文章中提到了社会科学，生命科学，还有文学艺术的文章。但是目前2015年的托福考试趋势：需要同学具备很好的托福听力实力，因为其中一个section难度系数略高。
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第一部分
综合写作： 有关“消灭白蜡树上的甲壳虫”的解决办法
阅读：
1. 禁止白蜡树的运输，这样甲壳虫巢穴就不会转移到其他地区传染其他树木；
2. 在白蜡树上钻孔并注射化学杀虫剂，让甲壳虫远离白蜡树；
3. 种植甲壳虫喜欢在上面繁殖的饵树，吸引甲壳虫到这些饵树上，减少对白蜡树的伤害。
听力反驳
1. 虽然可以禁止白蜡树的运输，但是不能禁止私人公司砍伐白蜡树并把它们运到其他地区；
2. 化学杀虫剂会损害树木，而且杀虫剂的功效只能持续两年，此外杀虫剂还会伤害其他没有害处的昆虫；
3. 种植饵树在吸引甲壳虫的同时也为甲壳虫提供了食物来源，这样反而会增加甲壳虫的数量。
综合写作思路：
1. 阅读认为可以采取禁止白蜡树运输的办法，防止甲壳虫入侵的白蜡树进入其他地区；听力反对这一观点，认为尽管已经有禁止白蜡树运输的规定，但是很难禁止私人公司砍伐白蜡树并把它们运到其他地区。
2. 阅读认为可以在白蜡树上钻孔并注射化学杀虫剂，让甲壳虫远离白蜡树；听力反对这一观点，认为化学杀虫剂会损害树木，而且杀虫剂的功效只能持续两年，此外杀虫剂还会伤害其他没有害处的昆虫。
3. 阅读认为可以种植饵树，吸引甲壳虫在饵树上繁殖，减少对白蜡树的伤害；听力反对这一观点，认为饵树在吸引甲壳虫的同时也为甲壳虫提供了食物来源，这样反而会增加甲壳虫的数量。
范文：
This topic is regarding whether or not people can save the ash trees from the catastrophic damage caused by the emerald ash borers, a kind of harmful beetles to the tree. The listening and the reading contents hold different perspectives on it.
To begin with, the lecturer says that although several bans on the movement of the ash trees have been made, they still have trouble prohibiting private companies that cut down those trees and transport it to other places, causing infestation spread. The reading however indicates the regulation can prevent infested tree logs from intruding the healthy trees. Thus, the ban trying to limit the transportation of ash trees or untreated firewood fails to stop this disaster.
Secondly, from the reading passage, emerald ash borers or EAB usually cut holes to lay eggs and harm the trees, so it would be a wise remedy to use pesticide by drilling holes directly to kill the larvae. Nevertheless, the speaker refutes and says that these methods injury trees; besides, the medication of pesticide only lasts two years that it has to be applied again. Lastly, the pesticide might also be damaging to other harmless insects inhabiting in such kind of trees.
Finally, the lecturer also denies the methods of setting up trap trees for attracting beetles to lay eggs on them instead of really doing that on the ash trees as the passage put forth. Chances are that such trap trees not just draw the attention of the beetles, but also provide them food in a way. In other words, it will increase the population of beetles and hurt more ash trees at the same time. Therefore, the methods proposed by the author are not satisfactory.
第二部分
独立写作：
题目：Do you agree or disagree: It is important to have rules of types of clothing for people to wear for work or school.
命中情况：否
是否新题：否
重复情况： 2008-3-29NA，2009-11-14CN，2013-8-24CN，2015-8-30CN
题材：社会类
独立写作思路：
1. 同意
（1）统一着装可以增强人们的集体和团队意识，促使大家互帮互助；
（2）统一着装显得更专业，可提高沟通的效率。
2. 不同意
（1）如今是一个凸显个性的时代，穿制服会埋没人们的个性；
（2）统一着装会让人感到很乏味，缺少新鲜感。
范文：
What should I wear today? As a matter of fact, some people feel knowing what to wear before going to workplaces or schools is a challenge. To solve this award issue, some companies or schools enforce rules specifying what kind of clothes people are expected to wear. I am inclined to the view that dress code could be beneficial for both workers or students and the institutions as long as the requirements are appropriate.
Enforcing dress code in workplaces prompts the people who work there to show support for each other. Nowadays, although no one seriously doubt the significance of individuality, solidarity and discipline are essential for most workplaces after all. Many business owners believe the success of an enterprise depends on collaboration and joint effort among employees. The requirement of dress code is a pragmatic way that encourages workers to help each other. When a worker complies with the dress code, he identifies himself as part of the organization first. So when you hear requests from someone who dress similar to you, you decide to help him because you are colleagues and belong to the same institution rather than the superficial fact that you look alike.
Furthermore, there is a good professional reason why some people should dress themselves as expected. Some professionals have to wear uniforms, the strictest kind of dress code, in certain occasions as the uniforms deliver an important message about how the other party should interact with the professionals. The uniforms not only increase the efficiency of communication but also signify the consequence of inappropriate communication. For example, barristers in United Kingdom, the lawyers who have right to advocate in higher courts of law, are required to wear wig when they appear in courts. It signals that everyone including his clients should communicate with him about legal issues only and his colleagues should use the legal language to talk to him as it is the only language recognized by the court of law. In addition, you might want to be careful about how you should interact with anyone wearing police or military uniforms. Undesirable consequences could occur if you fail to obey their commands.
Some people feel the dress code requirement is a depression of personality for whoever wears it. The opinion could bejustified if the institutions enforce the rule too strictly. Nevertheless, in general, I approve the requirement discussed above taking all the benefits into account.
口语
Task1
Is it important to be polite and have good manners?
分析：
思路：这道题问礼貌和良好的行为举止为什么重要。可以从两方面出发。首先，这是良好品质（virtue）的体现，可以表示对人的尊重；其次，礼貌待人更利于交流（communication），你对别人采取礼貌的态度，别人也会用积极的方式回馈你。
查看前程百利范文链接：http://bbs.bailiedu.com/thread-40978-1-1.html
其他范文参考1：
Politeness and good manners are very important in social settings. For one, if you go to a social event and want to make new friends, good manners help a lot. When you hold the door for others and talk to them nicely, you will leave a good impression on people and they will more likely want to talk to you. In family gatherings, having good table manners, like not talking with your mouth full, or helping family members prepare food, shows your respect for them. I’ve seen people talking loud at dinner table or in a quite setting, and I always think it’s kind of embarrassing.
其他范文参考2：
I believe one should be polite in the interaction with others. There are some reasons for my concern. First of all, being polite is a positive move to communicate with others. Understandably, no one would like to talk with someone who behaves rude. For example, last time, when I was travel on my own, I met a guy who sounded rude, with dirty words in his mouth all the time. In the process, he tried to communicate with me, but I pretended I didn't hear, because I don't want to talk with an impolite person. And it seemed not safe. Moreover, politeness is a good indication of characteristics. When looking at a person behaving himself/ herself, we tend to believe he/she is well-educated, with a decent job, loved by people around. But it is a different story when looking at a rude person.
Task2
To be successful in sport, which is more important? Talent or hard work?
分析：
思路：这道题说agree比较好讲。
理由一，古语有云，勤能补拙（practice makes perfect），就算是没有天赋的人，也能通过不断练习提高技能；
理由二，不是每个成功的运动员都是靠天赋的，例如：丁俊晖，著名的台球运动员，就是通过多年的努力才有今天的成就。
参考范文1：
Although talent and hard work are both important for anyone to achieve any kind of success, I believe hard work is the deciding factor when talent is present. For example, I have two high school friends, Jack and Peter, who were both into basketball. They were both pretty good at it, but Jack was very humble and always trying to get better, while Peter said it was good enough to help his get girls. Jack practiced every day without fail, saying that Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant worked so hard to get where they were, and he made it to the school team and got a sports scholarship at a good university. Peter was pretty mediocre upon graduation, and gave it up. It is very common that people give up their dreams because they don’t want to work hard enough, and it’s a shame.
参考范文2：
I believe talent is more important. There are some reasons. Firstly, one can never be an athlete without talents. Take my brother for example. He is so smart, but as a science student, he knows little about sports. Therefore, no matter how much my aunt wants him to be a runner, this will not happen. Secondly, talent brings interest, and interest encourages hard work. As is known to all, athletes have to work devotedly to his work for an unexpectedly long time before he achieves prizes in big events and if there’s no interest, it’s hard to continue. In comparison to hard work, talent is where interest comes and thus seems more important.
Task3
university should hold club fair at the beginning of each year, so that students can know better about these clubs and decide which one to join, they can also ask club members about the experience they have in the clubs. The man in the conversation agree with the proposal for two reasons. One is that they could know these clubs better, because only club posters are not enough; the second is that students could communicate with club members directly,to decide whether to join the club
分析：
阅读部分是一则建议，建议学校在每学年开始举办club fair。在听力对话中，男生对此表示赞同，并给出两个理由。回答可以参考一下模板： It’s proposed that ... Well, in the conversation, the man totally agree with that. For one thing, ... For the others, ...
范文1：
The material proposes that the university should hold club fair at the beginning of each year, so that students can know better about these clubs and decide which one to join, and plus they can also ask club members about the experience they have in the clubs. The man in the conversation agrees with the proposal. There are two reasons. First of all, they could know these clubs better. Currently, there is no central place for all the club information and the only information available is from the posters, which lack adequate information for club selection. The second reason is that students could communicate with club members directly, to decide whether to join the club or not. For example, he joined the photographing club, which is quite interesting. But this cannot be revealed directly from the poster. Instead, if one can communicate with the member, they will realize how interesting it is.
范文2：
A student proposes that the school should publish club information so that students can get more info about campus activities, and they can hear about club members’ experience.
The man in the conversation agrees. First, he says right now there’s no one central place to provide all the information, so they have to know what’s happening through posters or friends, and sometimes it’s not very convenient. Second, he is in a photography club. You don’t know how interesting it is until you talk to the members. You cannot know about their stories from posters and stuff.Task4
When children are young, their behavior with other children seems rude and unacceptable by adult world. At this time, adult can teach them what proper behavior is, children can learn and then imitate adults, this process is called social skill training. The example is a little girl Mary doesn't have a red crayon for her painting, so she just grabs another boy's red crayon. At this time the speaker stepped in and teaches the girl how to ask for a red crayon properly. And the girl then learns how to ask for sth instead of just grabbing.
分析：
这道题介绍了一个概念“social skill training”，指的是孩子像成年人学习良好行为的过程。后面给出了一个小女孩抢别人蜡笔的例子，通过学习成年人的行为，她学会了不抢东西，而是正确的向别人借东西。可以参考一下模板： Social skill training is a process that ... In the lecture, the professor introduced an example to illustrate that. A girl called Mary ... That’s how she learn proper behavior by social skill training.
范文1：
Social skill training describes a psychological phenomenon that children acquire the social behaviours under the instruction of adults. In order to let children behave properly, adults should inform them of the purpose of certain behaviour, demonstrate the behaviour and then let children simulate it.
The professor talked about an example of his own. When he was teaching, in his class, there was a girl named Mary. Her crayons run out and she got Paul’s, one boy in class, without asking. Having seen this, the professor told Mary it was not right to take others’ stuff without asking. On the contrary, she should borrow crayons from Paul in the form of politely asking for them. The little girl then followed the instruction and from then on, she has learned how to borrow things from other and that process best indicates how children’s social behaviours are properly formed.
范文2：
Social behavior training: Adults perform social behavior and make children imitate the behavior and children eventually know how to behave in social settings themselves.
In the listening, the professor used to teach in a kindergarten. One day he was teaching kids color pictures. A girl named Mary wanted a red crayon but couldn’t find one in the box, so she grabbed one from a boy named Paul’s hand. The professor then showed her how to borrow things from others politely, and from then on, the girl learned to always be polite when borrowing things.
Task5
a woman has a schedule problem. Her two classes are set on the same day and she has only 30 minutes for lunch, but not enough for her to eat. There are two solutions, one is that the woman could take her own meal from home, but requires many shopping and packaging; the second is to switch one class to evening, but that means she will have a long and tiring day. Which solution you recommend and why?
分析：
这道题是典型的时间冲突类问题，对话中，女生有两节课安排在了同一天，中间没有时间吃午饭了。对此她有两种解决方案，一是从家带饭，二是将其中一节课调到晚上。但是这两种都有利弊，如果是我的话我会选择从家带饭，因为虽然采购比较麻烦，但是也比浪费很多等待时间要好。可以参考的模板是：The woman faces a problem that ... To solve that trouble, she has two possible solutions. Firstly, she can ..., but ... Secondly, she can ..., however, ... If I were her, I would choose the first solution. Because...
范文1：
The speaker has met a problem that this semester, she has selected two courses that are tightly arranged, one before noon and the other after noon, which means there is only half an hour available for her lunch. There are two solutions for her. First of all, she can take food with her, which requires good organizing. For example, she needs to go to the supermarket for ingredients. Secondly, she can make the chemistry class in the evening, which is taught by the same professor. However, she may be too tired to have class the whole day. Personally, the secondly solution is better. On one hand, she does not need to get ingredients quite often and that saves time. On the other hand, she can take advantage of time when the chemistry class supposed to be.
范文2：
The girl’s problem is that she has one afternoon class and one evening class, but there’s only a 30-minute break in between which is not enough for her to have dinner. The first solution is to bring supper to class, but it’s a lot of work preparing the food. The second solution is to move the afternoon class to the evening, but then she’ll get out of class very late and she’ll be exhausted.
Task6
animals in dry season have different ways of obtaining water to survive. one is due to their physical features. for example, elephants, with their huge size and strength, can tear off a certain kind of tree and drink the water stored inside. the second one is that wildbeat would migrate to other places when the dry season comes, and migrate back when the dry season ends
分析：
这篇讲座介绍了动物在干燥的季节是如何获得水分来生存的。第一种方法是利用物理特征，例如大象；第二种方法是迁徙。可以参考一下模板： In the lecture, the professor discussed two ways for animals to ... The first one is ... For example, ... The second one is ... That is to say ...
范文1：
The lecture discussed about two ways animals survive in the African Savannah in dry seasons. The first adaptation is physical. Take elephant for example. In the seasons when there is no rains for months, in the local area, there is a kind of tree able to absorb water and store in rainy days. The elephant is capable of tearing off the bark over the trunk and getting water. The other adaptation is behavioural. Take wildebeest for example. Every year during the dry seasons, they will migrate north, where there is plenty of grasslands and water as well. They will move back after the day seasons have passed.
范文2：
The professor talks about two ways animals survive in dry seasons. The first is special physical feathers. For example, elephants have big-sized bodies and sharp tusks that can help them drink water from barks which can store water. The second is special behavior. For example, wild beasts migrate to the north during droughts, because there’s enough water and food there.
阅读
第一篇
讲欧洲的M cave art, recently have beendiscovered。画的内容有human hand, geometric patterns, animals,但是除了有expensive air-conditioner 的部分，剩下大多数都不对外开放是因为avoiddamage。
后面讲他们会mix color, thus having plenty ofpigments。
第二篇
将photography带来的weeklies。大体在对比之前的和现在的。简化句子题讲的是一个画家通过模仿daguerreotype可以画一个远在California的captain即使没见过他。
第三篇
讲的early agricultural settlement in NewEngland area。美国人开始adapt Native people 的方式种crops around beans which can provide nitrogen and enhance the growth。后来他们有了充足的食物后又回到European style，吃他们喜欢的食物。有词汇题ingenuity。
听力
对话1
讲电磁波普一开始说了各种的wave，什么radio wave什么的，(这里有题，问为什么提到这些wave)后面说今天要讲电子领域，电子领域很effect的(这里有题，选有effect的选项)，如果你想知道magnetic领域的，自己计算。(这里有重听题)
讲座1
讲formality，古埃及的雕塑一开始都是不realism的，认得肌肉都比较大，肩膀都很宽。主要因为当时的pharaoh通知下的社会规则(有题，问是什么导致realism)使得雕塑放映的都是ideal的东西。Painting里面有个高的是social status高(有题，问画有什么特征)，后来换了一个法老，是A period，法老的名字简称AK啦，他统治下的雕塑，居然开始发应人的表情，some people with higher social status shows fatigue facial expression. 法老自己和老婆孩子的雕塑居然有affection的表情。(有题，选有affection的选项)这篇有一个重听题。
讲座2
Plant domestication，说人类为啥要domestic plant呢，用wheat举例子，上边哪个穗本来就是熟了之后掉在地上，这样对人来说非常不方便，因为人需要在对的时间和对的地点才能harvest crop，因为domestication上面那个穗就需要人砍才能掉下来，这样就方便了人类。然后一个同学问，那得多长时间plant才能domestic呢，教授说根据computer来算应该200年就差不多，后来说但是事实看来要比那个长，因为researcher发现，一些domestic和一些没有domestic的crop一起长，所以说，可能domestication比想象还要长。
对话2
一个男生因为听力resume的workshop，所以得到了一个公司的面试，然后想要参加这个interview workshop可惜都满了，因为这个instructor很popular，然后这个advisor就建议他去career library去看一个人写的书，这个人曾经interview100多人，然后这个女生就说他有课，可一下课以后再去看看，advisor说可以，晚上5点才关门。
讲座3
Biofilm是细菌的集群，能分泌一种糖蛋白，然后附着在物体上(岩石，管道，船底，牙齿)，之后在细胞间形成输送管，送细胞(细胞太多时)，送营养，细胞过多的时候就在分泌小泡把细菌送到别的地方去，他们单个细胞的抵抗能力更强(考点)，另外，他们还有好处的，可以治理污水。
讲座4
一个男生和他的art教授讨论他的画，然后前面crack了，他们就讨论为什么起初他们用一个gesso这个是用来prepare的，然后他说他已经等了一天半了，等着画干，教授说那没问题，他又说他想create shadow and texture 什么的，他就先涂了一个fat layer才涂lean layer，教授说这样不对，因为lean layer干的更快，这样就会把fat layer弄得crack，所以她告诉学生下次不能这样做。
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