托福阅读是怎么算成绩的？了解如何算分的前提下，才能够更好地做到知己知彼百战不殆。

　　The Reading Section score is based on your performance on multiple-choice items. Except for the last question of each set， you received one point for each of the questions you answered correctly. The total points that you received were than converted to a score on a scale from 0-30. The reported score for the Reading Section will always be on this scale of 0-30.

　　The last question in each set is worth 2 points. These questions were scored as follows：

　　If you had： You received

　　1 correct answers 0 points

　　2 correct answers 1 point

　　3 correct answers 2 points

　　1. 这里所说的转换（convert），不同版本的试卷因难度不同有不同的转换标准，所以新托福阅读是没有固定的评分表的。

　　2. 所以，计算新托福阅读的分数，不要计算对多少题，而是算拿到多少原始分“Raw Point Total（0-45）”，然后再参照评分表，计算最后的分数（0-30）。

下面在给考生讲一下排除题，我们应该很熟悉该题型中简单题目类型的解题思路：对应各项重点词或主干进行排除；在实际做题过程中，排除题难度也在逐渐加大，变成了穿插同义改写或全部同义改写的选项，让我们感到进退两难，看看哪个都对。现就同学们做题过程中出现的几个易错同义改写类的排除题进行解析，希望同学们自己先做出来，然后再参照解析。

　　TPO14

　　第二篇 Maya Water Problems

　　2题，易错选A

　　Paragraph 2: From north to south in the Yucatan Peninsula, where the Maya lived, rainfall ranges from 18 to 100 inches (457 to 2,540 millimeters) per year, and the soils become thicker, so that the southern peninsula was agriculturally more productive and supported denser populations. But rainfall in the Maya homeland is unpredictably variable between years; some recent years have had three or four times more rain than other years. As a result, modern farmers attempting to grow corn in the ancient Maya homelands have faced frequent crop failures, especially in the north. The ancient Maya were presumably more experienced and did better, but nevertheless they too must have faced risks of crop failures from droughts and hurricanes.

　　2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a difference between the northern and southern Yucatan Peninsula?

　　○The annual rainfall was greater in the south.

　　○The population density was lower in the north.

　　○Agricultural productivity was greater in the south

　　○Rainfall was more unpredictable and variable in the south.

　　红色为对应查读关键词。A 项对应 原文第一句话，同义改写；从北到南，雨量18-100，就是南方多；B 对应第一句话后半句，南方产量高所以人口多；相应的是北方人口少；正确；C 对应原文，正确。D 的不可预测性没有对应具体哪个方位的，所以作为排除项。答案D

　　第三篇 Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasi

　　10题。易错选B

　　Paragraph 4: Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability. If you are constantly on the move, you cannot afford to accumulate large material surpluses. Such rules limit variations in accumulated material goods between pastoralist households (though they may also encourage a taste for portable goods of high value such as silks or jewelry). So, by and large, nomadism implies a high degree of self-sufficiency and inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor. Inequalities of wealth and rank certainly exist, and have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class. Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.

　　10. According to paragraph 4, all of the following are true of social inequality in pastoralist societies EXCEPT:

　　○It exists and has existed to some degree in most pastoral societies.

　　○It is most marked during periods of military conquest.

　　○It is expressed in the form of a rigid hierarchy based largely on heredity.

　　○It is usually too insignificant to be discussed in terms of class differences.

　　这个题主要错在B 项上；很多同学认为 前句说了Inequalities存在于大多数。。，后文有except，应该是不inediquate，推出military 时期的是反Inequalities，就把B排除了；事实是，在句子中，except military 时期，too to stable，也就是不稳定；那说明military时期稳定；所以B 是对的。But 跟的是except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class. C 说的是严格等级制度，原文是too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies，（that 之后是修饰成分不作为主要），不形成…。所以答案与原文相反。D项说不根据等级差别讨论；与原文的只是被暗示一致。

　　TPO15

　　第三篇Glacier Formation

　　5题，错觉得CD都该选

　　Paragraph2: Glaciers are open systems, with snow as the system's input and meltwater as the system's main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporation, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high for too long, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow. Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.

　　5. According to paragraph 2, surplus snow affects a glacier in all the following ways EXCEPT:

　　○It provides the pressure needed to cause glacial ice to flow.

　　○It offsets losses of ice due to melting, evaporation, and calving.

　　○It brings about the formation of firn in the snow it buries.

　　○It results in temperate glaciers that are thicker than polar glaciers.

　　A 对应A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated ；B项对应match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporation, and calving,；D未提及比较。C 对应to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow.这里稍稍关系前文firn的描述，也是属于冰川形成过程中的步骤，前段是这样描述的With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, interlocked crystals of blue glacial ice。